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Lycosidae Wadicosa

Wadicosa fidelis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

White-palped Wolf Spider

This species is the designated representative of the poorly defined genus of Wadicosa. Recent molecular studies have suggested that it is closely related to certain species of Pardosa. Nevertheless, the genitalia of W. fidelis are distinctive and easily separated from those of Pardosa.

In the field, the males are readily recognised by the dense coat of white setae over the patellae and tibiae of their palps. The carapace is characteristically bracketed by a pair of broad bands of black setae, enclosing a pale-coloured median field with some scattered white setae. The femora I and femora II are black with some white setae on their dorsal surfaces. (In some specimens, only femora I are black.)

The females are generally paler than most Singapore wolf spiders. The pattern of the carapace in the females varies, with some individuals showing only scattered black and white setae. In other individuals, the carapace has a median pale field surrounded by more darkly coloured sides.

Length♀ 7 mm; ♂ 4–6 mm
Type LocalityPalestine
DistributionWidespread, including Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, China, India, Japan, Palestine.
HabitatRoadside and grassy fields in developed areas.

Taxonomy

Type Deposits*

  1. Holotype

    Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019); ♂ (13601, 13602) (fragments only; N.B.: if this is really the holotype, the designation of a lectotype would be invalid)

  2. Holotype

    Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart (SMNS), Germany; type material destroyed 1944; ♀ of Lycosa indistincte-picta

  3. Holotype

    National Zoological Collections, Zoological Survey of India (NZC-ZSI), Kolkata, India; ♀ of Evippa mandlaensis (Sankaran, Caleb & Sebastian, 2021d)

  4. Lectotype

    Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) = Hope Entomological Collections Oxford (HECO), Oxford, UK; ♂ (bottle 1572, tube 39) (Kronestedt & Zyuzin, 2009)

  5. Paratype

    Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH), Hamburg, Germany (data base search of type material, 11.02.2019); 12♂ 17♀ (A0003556-A0003562) of Pardosa kraepelini

  6. Syntype

    Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019); 1♀ (13569-138) of Lycosa galerita (epigyne only)

  7. Syntype

    Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel (NMB), Switzerland (database search of type material, 08.04.2019); 1♂ 2♀ (ARAN-02066a, b) of Pardosa armillata

  8. Paralectotype

    Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH), Hamburg, Germany (data base search of type material, 11.02.2019); 1♂ 1♀ 1 Juvenile (A0003564) of Pardosa venatrix

Taxonomic references*

  1. Lycosa fidelis (Original description ♂)

    O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera: 319 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1872.tb00489.x

  2. Lycosa galerita (Original description ♂)

    L. Koch, 1875b Aegyptische und abyssinische Arachniden gesammelt von Herrn C. Jickeli: 69, pl. 7, f. 1

  3. Lycosa galerita (Original description ♀)

    Simon, 1876a Les arachnides de France. Tome troisième: 269

  4. Lycosa ipnochoera (Original description ♀)

    Thorell, 1890c Diagnoses aranearum aliquot novarum in Indo-Malesia inventarum: 138

  5. Lycosa birmanica (Original description ♂)

    Thorell, 1895b Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum: 242 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.17492

  6. Pardosa spilota (Original description ♂♀)

    Pocock, 1903g Arachnida: 193 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.34934

  7. Lycosa indistincte-picta (Original description ♀)

    Strand, 1907b Vorläufige Diagnosen süd- und ostasiatischer Clubioniden, Ageleniden, Pisauriden, Lycosiden, Oxyopiden und Salticiden: 567

  8. Lycosa indistincte-picta (♀)

    Strand, 1909f Süd- und ostasiatische Spinnen: 81, f. 44

  9. Lycosa birmanica (♂♀)

    Gravely, 1924 Some Indian spiders of the family Lycosidae: 607, f. 4J

  10. Lycosa birmanica (♂♀)

    Dyal, 1935 Fauna of Lahore: 136, pl. 13, f. 36-37

  11. Pardosa armillata (Original description ♂♀)

    Schenkel, 1936b Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr: 218, f. 70

  12. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀, dubious identification, as are later uses)

    Simon, 1937 Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 5e et derniére partie: 1059, 1080, 1128, f. 1637, 1678

  13. Lycosa biarmillatana (replacement name for P. armillata, preoccupied in Lycosa by Walckenaer, 1837)

    Strand, 1942 Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica: 398

  14. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)

    Denis, 1947a Results of the Armstrong College expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan desert), 1935: 37, pl. 1, f. 11-13

  15. Pardosa biarmillata (lapsus)

    Roewer, 1955c Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex): 160

  16. Pardosa spilota (♂♀)

    Roewer, 1959b Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae): 147, f. 80a-d

  17. Pardosa pararmillata (Original description ♀)

    Schenkel, 1963 Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris: 376, f. 218a-c

  18. Pardosa bhatnagari (Original description ♂♀)

    Sadana, 1971a Description of a new species of Pardosa Koch (Lycosidae: Araneida) from India: 226, f. 1-4

  19. Pardosa birmanica (♀)

    Buchar, 1976 Über einige Lycosiden (Araneae) aus Nepal: 206, f. 4H

  20. Pardosa armillata (♀)

    Zyuzin, 1979a A taxonomic study of Palearctic spiders of the genus Pardosa (Aranei, Lycosidae): 434, f. 27

  21. Pardosa birmanica (♂♀, Synonym of Lycosa ipnochoera and Pardosa bhatnagari)

    Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 Lycosidae (wolf-spiders): 329, f. 163-167

  22. Pardosa venatrix (♂, Synonym of Lycosa ipnochoera, Pardosa armillata, P. kraepelini and P. birmanica auct. partly not accepted by later authors)

    Buchar, 1980 Lycosidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya: 88, f. 28-29

  23. Pardosa birmanica (♀)

    Tikader & Biswas, 1981 Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity: Part-I: 52, f. 82-83

  24. Pardosa armillata (♂♀)

    Hu, 1984 The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests: 233, f. 240.1-4

  25. Wadicosa venatrix (Transferred from Pardosa)

    Zyuzin, 1985a Generic and subfamilial criteria in the systematics of the spider family Lycosidae (Aranei), with the description of a new genus and two new subfamilies: 49

  26. Pardosa birmanica (Synonym of Pardosa armillata, rejected by Yu & Song, 1988c: 117)

    Hu & Li, 1987b The spiders collected from the fields and the forests of Xizang Autonomous Region, China: 291

  27. Pardosa venatrix (Synonym of Pardosa okinawensis, rejected by Tanaka, 2000a: 96, Synonym of Pardosa armillata, P. indistinctepicta and P. pararmillata)

    Yu & Song, 1988c A revision of the Chinese spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae): 117

  28. Pardosa armillata (♂♀)

    Chen & Gao, 1990 The Sichuan farmland spiders in China: 126, f. 155a-b

  29. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)

    Chen & Zhang, 1991 Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida: 201, f. 201, 202.1-4

  30. Wadicosa fidelis (mf, T from Pardosa, Synonym of Pardosa galertia and P. kraepelini)

    Wunderlich, 1992a Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln: Taxonomie, Ökologie, Biogeographie und Evolution: 467, f. 727-728

  31. Pardosa birmanica (♀)

    Okuma et al., 1993 Illustrated Monograph of the Rice Field Spiders of Bangladesh. Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh): 49, f. 44

  32. Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)

    Barrion & Litsinger, 1994 Taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and predators: 311, f. 1617-1619

  33. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)

    Pan, 1995 Study on the biology of Pardosa venatrix (Lucas) (Araneida: Lycosidae): 144, f. 1-3

  34. Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)

    Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia: 386, f. 229a-i, 230a-j

  35. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)

    Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997 Arachnida: Araneae: 1723, f. 28a-c

  36. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)

    Yin et al., 1997c Lycosids in China (Arachnida: Araneae): 286, f. 135a-h

  37. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999 The spiders of China: 346, f. 202C, G

  38. Wadicosa venatrix (♂)

    Tanaka, 2000a The spider, W: 96, f. 2 doi:10.2476/asjaa.49.95

  39. Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)

    Hu, 2001 Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China: 206, f. 106.1-4

  40. Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)

    Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2003a Wolf spiders of Bangladesh: genus Pardosa C: 109, f. 7-13

  41. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003b Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan: 63, f. 52-56

  42. Wadicosa fidelis (Synonym of Pardosa spilota)

    Alderweireldt & van Harten, 2004 A preliminary study of the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) of the Socotra Archipelago: 354

  43. Wadicosa fidelis (♀)

    Tso & Chen, 2004 Descriptions of three new and six new record wolf spider species from Taiwan (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae): 407, f. 37-38

  44. Evippa mandlaensis (Original description ♀)

    Gajbe, 2004c Studies on some spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae: Arachnida) from Madhya Pradesh, India: 8, f. 6-9

  45. Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)

    Gajbe, 2007 Araneae: Arachnida: 499, f. 235-239

  46. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Hepner & Paulus, 2009 Contributions on the wolf spider fauna (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Gran Canaria (Spain): 343, f. 20-22 doi:10.13156/arac.2009.14.8.339

  47. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Kronestedt & Zyuzin, 2009 Fixation of Lycosa fidelis O: 818, f. 1-20

  48. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Yin et al., 2012 Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China: 863, f. 432a-h

  49. Wadicosa fidelis (♂)

    Siyam, Dunlop & El-Hennawy, 2015 New spider records from the Republic of the Sudan: 269, f. 22-24 doi:10.13156/arac.2015.16.7.264

  50. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Kronestedt, 2015 Species of Wadicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae): transfer of two species from Pardosa and description of three new species from Africa: 6, f. 3F, 5B, 6C-D doi:10.5852/ejt.2015.132

  51. Pardosa birmanica (♀)

    Sen et al., 2015 Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars: Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary: 50, f. 224-228, pl. 15

  52. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Lu et al., 2016 Redescription of four wolf-spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from India: 137, f. 9A-H, 10A-D, 11A-D, 12E-F)

  53. Pardosa birmanica (♀)

    Dhali, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017 Litter and ground dwelling spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars, West Bengal: 74, f. 353-357, pl. 25

  54. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Buchar & Dolejš, 2021 Lycosidae from Bhutan 2: Lycosinae, Pardosinae, and Hippasinae (Arachnida: Araneae): 950, f. 18A-E doi:10.13156/arac.2021.18.8.935

  55. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Wang et al., 2021a Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae): 66, f. 66A-H, 67A-D, 68A-D doi:10.11865/zs.2021102

  56. Wadicosa fidelis (♀, Synonym of Evippa mandlaensis)

    Sankaran, Caleb & Sebastian, 2021d Notes on Indian wolf spiders: I: 169, f. 10A-C doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4975.1.6

  57. Wadicosa fidelis (♂)

    Al-Yacoub & Najim, 2023 A new record and а taxonomic review with checklist of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) from Iraq: 386, f. 6 doi:10.15407/zoo2023.05.383

  58. Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)

    Seropian et al., 2023 Picking pearls from the Silk Road: insights into the spider (Arachnida, Araneae) diversity in Georgia from the Caucasus barcode of life project: 264, f. 68-69 doi:10.3897/caucasiana.2.e110536

  59. Wadicosa fidelis (♂)

    Abdel-Ghani, Hassan & Sallam, 2023 Spiders as a bio-agent factor in a mango greenhouse at Giza Governorate, Egypt: 34, f. 15

  60. Wadicosa fidelis (m♀)

    Kronestedt, Feulner & Roobas, 2024 Species of Wadicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae): a new species from the southeastern Arabian Peninsula: 292, f. 2E-H, 5F doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5523.2.10

  61. Wadicosa fidelis (♂)

    Quevedo-Ortiz & Pinilla Rosa, 2024b Aportación al conocimiento aracnológico (Araneae) del noreste y sureste de la península ibérica: 175, f. 1b.1-3

  62. Wadicosa fidelis (♂)

    Lecigne, Moutaouakil & Lips, 2025 Contribution to the knowledge of the spider fauna of Morocco (Arachnida: Araneae) – second note: 139, f. 83K-L

* Retrieved from the World Spider Catalog.

Distribution Map for Wadicosa fidelis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)

Widespread, including Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, China, India, Japan, Palestine.

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