White-palped Wolf Spider
This species is the designated representative of the poorly defined genus of Wadicosa. Recent molecular studies have suggested that it is closely related to certain species of Pardosa. Nevertheless, the genitalia of W. fidelis are distinctive and easily separated from those of Pardosa.
In the field, the males are readily recognised by the dense coat of white setae over the patellae and tibiae of their palps. The carapace is characteristically bracketed by a pair of broad bands of black setae, enclosing a pale-coloured median field with some scattered white setae. The femora I and femora II are black with some white setae on their dorsal surfaces. (In some specimens, only femora I are black.)
The females are generally paler than most Singapore wolf spiders. The pattern of the carapace in the females varies, with some individuals showing only scattered black and white setae. In other individuals, the carapace has a median pale field surrounded by more darkly coloured sides.
Length | ♀ 7 mm; ♂ 4–6 mm |
Type Locality | Palestine |
Distribution | Widespread, including Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, China, India, Japan, Palestine. |
Habitat | Roadside and grassy fields in developed areas. |
Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Chelicerata (Chelicerates)
Class Arachnida (Arachnids)
Order Araneae (Spiders)
Suborder Araneomorphae (Typical Spiders)
Holotype
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019); ♂ (13601, 13602) (fragments only; N.B.: if this is really the holotype, the designation of a lectotype would be invalid)
Holotype
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart (SMNS), Germany; type material destroyed 1944; ♀ of Lycosa indistincte-picta
Holotype
National Zoological Collections, Zoological Survey of India (NZC-ZSI), Kolkata, India; ♀ of Evippa mandlaensis (Sankaran, Caleb & Sebastian, 2021d)
Lectotype
Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) = Hope Entomological Collections Oxford (HECO), Oxford, UK; ♂ (bottle 1572, tube 39) (Kronestedt & Zyuzin, 2009)
Paratype
Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH), Hamburg, Germany (data base search of type material, 11.02.2019); 12♂ 17♀ (A0003556-A0003562) of Pardosa kraepelini
Syntype
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany (data base search of type material, 11.01.2019); 1♀ (13569-138) of Lycosa galerita (epigyne only)
Syntype
Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel (NMB), Switzerland (database search of type material, 08.04.2019); 1♂ 2♀ (ARAN-02066a, b) of Pardosa armillata
Paralectotype
Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH), Hamburg, Germany (data base search of type material, 11.02.2019); 1♂ 1♀ 1 Juvenile (A0003564) of Pardosa venatrix
Lycosa fidelis (Original description ♂)
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera: 319 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1872.tb00489.x
Lycosa galerita (Original description ♂)
L. Koch, 1875b Aegyptische und abyssinische Arachniden gesammelt von Herrn C. Jickeli: 69, pl. 7, f. 1
Lycosa galerita (Original description ♀)
Lycosa ipnochoera (Original description ♀)
Thorell, 1890c Diagnoses aranearum aliquot novarum in Indo-Malesia inventarum: 138
Lycosa birmanica (Original description ♂)
Thorell, 1895b Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum: 242 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.17492
Pardosa spilota (Original description ♂♀)
Lycosa indistincte-picta (Original description ♀)
Strand, 1907b Vorläufige Diagnosen süd- und ostasiatischer Clubioniden, Ageleniden, Pisauriden, Lycosiden, Oxyopiden und Salticiden: 567
Lycosa indistincte-picta (♀)
Strand, 1909f Süd- und ostasiatische Spinnen: 81, f. 44
Lycosa birmanica (♂♀)
Gravely, 1924 Some Indian spiders of the family Lycosidae: 607, f. 4J
Lycosa birmanica (♂♀)
Dyal, 1935 Fauna of Lahore: 136, pl. 13, f. 36-37
Pardosa armillata (Original description ♂♀)
Schenkel, 1936b Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr: 218, f. 70
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀, dubious identification, as are later uses)
Simon, 1937 Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 5e et derniére partie: 1059, 1080, 1128, f. 1637, 1678
Lycosa biarmillatana (replacement name for P. armillata, preoccupied in Lycosa by Walckenaer, 1837)
Strand, 1942 Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica: 398
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)
Denis, 1947a Results of the Armstrong College expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan desert), 1935: 37, pl. 1, f. 11-13
Pardosa biarmillata (lapsus)
Roewer, 1955c Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). 2. Band, Abt. b (Salticiformia, Cribellata) (Synonyma-Verzeichnis, Gesamtindex): 160
Pardosa spilota (♂♀)
Roewer, 1959b Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae): 147, f. 80a-d
Pardosa pararmillata (Original description ♀)
Schenkel, 1963 Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris: 376, f. 218a-c
Pardosa bhatnagari (Original description ♂♀)
Sadana, 1971a Description of a new species of Pardosa Koch (Lycosidae: Araneida) from India: 226, f. 1-4
Pardosa birmanica (♀)
Buchar, 1976 Über einige Lycosiden (Araneae) aus Nepal: 206, f. 4H
Pardosa armillata (♀)
Zyuzin, 1979a A taxonomic study of Palearctic spiders of the genus Pardosa (Aranei, Lycosidae): 434, f. 27
Pardosa birmanica (♂♀, Synonym of Lycosa ipnochoera and Pardosa bhatnagari)
Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 Lycosidae (wolf-spiders): 329, f. 163-167
Pardosa venatrix (♂, Synonym of Lycosa ipnochoera, Pardosa armillata, P. kraepelini and P. birmanica auct. partly not accepted by later authors)
Buchar, 1980 Lycosidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya: 88, f. 28-29
Pardosa birmanica (♀)
Tikader & Biswas, 1981 Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity: Part-I: 52, f. 82-83
Pardosa armillata (♂♀)
Hu, 1984 The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests: 233, f. 240.1-4
Wadicosa venatrix (Transferred from Pardosa)
Zyuzin, 1985a Generic and subfamilial criteria in the systematics of the spider family Lycosidae (Aranei), with the description of a new genus and two new subfamilies: 49
Pardosa birmanica (Synonym of Pardosa armillata, rejected by Yu & Song, 1988c: 117)
Hu & Li, 1987b The spiders collected from the fields and the forests of Xizang Autonomous Region, China: 291
Pardosa venatrix (Synonym of Pardosa okinawensis, rejected by Tanaka, 2000a: 96, Synonym of Pardosa armillata, P. indistinctepicta and P. pararmillata)
Yu & Song, 1988c A revision of the Chinese spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae): 117
Pardosa armillata (♂♀)
Chen & Gao, 1990 The Sichuan farmland spiders in China: 126, f. 155a-b
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)
Chen & Zhang, 1991 Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida: 201, f. 201, 202.1-4
Wadicosa fidelis (mf, T from Pardosa, Synonym of Pardosa galertia and P. kraepelini)
Wunderlich, 1992a Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln: Taxonomie, Ökologie, Biogeographie und Evolution: 467, f. 727-728
Pardosa birmanica (♀)
Okuma et al., 1993 Illustrated Monograph of the Rice Field Spiders of Bangladesh. Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh): 49, f. 44
Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)
Barrion & Litsinger, 1994 Taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and predators: 311, f. 1617-1619
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)
Pan, 1995 Study on the biology of Pardosa venatrix (Lucas) (Araneida: Lycosidae): 144, f. 1-3
Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia: 386, f. 229a-i, 230a-j
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)
Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997 Arachnida: Araneae: 1723, f. 28a-c
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)
Yin et al., 1997c Lycosids in China (Arachnida: Araneae): 286, f. 135a-h
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999 The spiders of China: 346, f. 202C, G
Wadicosa venatrix (♂)
Tanaka, 2000a The spider, W: 96, f. 2 doi:10.2476/asjaa.49.95
Pardosa venatrix (♂♀)
Hu, 2001 Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China: 206, f. 106.1-4
Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)
Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2003a Wolf spiders of Bangladesh: genus Pardosa C: 109, f. 7-13
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003b Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan: 63, f. 52-56
Wadicosa fidelis (Synonym of Pardosa spilota)
Alderweireldt & van Harten, 2004 A preliminary study of the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) of the Socotra Archipelago: 354
Wadicosa fidelis (♀)
Tso & Chen, 2004 Descriptions of three new and six new record wolf spider species from Taiwan (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae): 407, f. 37-38
Evippa mandlaensis (Original description ♀)
Gajbe, 2004c Studies on some spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae: Arachnida) from Madhya Pradesh, India: 8, f. 6-9
Pardosa birmanica (♂♀)
Gajbe, 2007 Araneae: Arachnida: 499, f. 235-239
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Hepner & Paulus, 2009 Contributions on the wolf spider fauna (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Gran Canaria (Spain): 343, f. 20-22 doi:10.13156/arac.2009.14.8.339
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Kronestedt & Zyuzin, 2009 Fixation of Lycosa fidelis O: 818, f. 1-20
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Yin et al., 2012 Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China: 863, f. 432a-h
Wadicosa fidelis (♂)
Siyam, Dunlop & El-Hennawy, 2015 New spider records from the Republic of the Sudan: 269, f. 22-24 doi:10.13156/arac.2015.16.7.264
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Kronestedt, 2015 Species of Wadicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae): transfer of two species from Pardosa and description of three new species from Africa: 6, f. 3F, 5B, 6C-D doi:10.5852/ejt.2015.132
Pardosa birmanica (♀)
Sen et al., 2015 Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars: Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary: 50, f. 224-228, pl. 15
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Lu et al., 2016 Redescription of four wolf-spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from India: 137, f. 9A-H, 10A-D, 11A-D, 12E-F)
Pardosa birmanica (♀)
Dhali, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2017 Litter and ground dwelling spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars, West Bengal: 74, f. 353-357, pl. 25
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Buchar & Dolejš, 2021 Lycosidae from Bhutan 2: Lycosinae, Pardosinae, and Hippasinae (Arachnida: Araneae): 950, f. 18A-E doi:10.13156/arac.2021.18.8.935
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Wang et al., 2021a Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae): 66, f. 66A-H, 67A-D, 68A-D doi:10.11865/zs.2021102
Wadicosa fidelis (♀, Synonym of Evippa mandlaensis)
Sankaran, Caleb & Sebastian, 2021d Notes on Indian wolf spiders: I: 169, f. 10A-C doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4975.1.6
Wadicosa fidelis (♂)
Al-Yacoub & Najim, 2023 A new record and а taxonomic review with checklist of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) from Iraq: 386, f. 6 doi:10.15407/zoo2023.05.383
Wadicosa fidelis (♂♀)
Seropian et al., 2023 Picking pearls from the Silk Road: insights into the spider (Arachnida, Araneae) diversity in Georgia from the Caucasus barcode of life project: 264, f. 68-69 doi:10.3897/caucasiana.2.e110536
Wadicosa fidelis (♂)
Abdel-Ghani, Hassan & Sallam, 2023 Spiders as a bio-agent factor in a mango greenhouse at Giza Governorate, Egypt: 34, f. 15
Wadicosa fidelis (m♀)
Kronestedt, Feulner & Roobas, 2024 Species of Wadicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae): a new species from the southeastern Arabian Peninsula: 292, f. 2E-H, 5F doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5523.2.10
Wadicosa fidelis (♂)
Quevedo-Ortiz & Pinilla Rosa, 2024b Aportación al conocimiento aracnológico (Araneae) del noreste y sureste de la península ibérica: 175, f. 1b.1-3
Wadicosa fidelis (♂)
Lecigne, Moutaouakil & Lips, 2025 Contribution to the knowledge of the spider fauna of Morocco (Arachnida: Araneae) – second note: 139, f. 83K-L
* Retrieved from the World Spider Catalog.
Widespread, including Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, China, India, Japan, Palestine.