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Tetragnathidae Tylorida

Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877)

Big-bellied Humpback Spider

This species is much larger and duller in colour than T. striata. Spiders of both sexes are brownish with some silvery or light-coloured speckles. A dark longitudinal band runs through the carapace. The female has a stout abdomen with a posteriorly pointed hump.

Length♀ 5–7 mm; ♂ 5–6 mm.
HabitatShady and moist environment in wooded gardens and jungle fringes.
BiologyIn resting position, the spider stretches its first legs forward and close together. Copulation takes place in a face-to-face position with the male inserting one of its semen-loaded palps into a copulatory duct on the female venter.
Type LocalitySulawesi, Indonesia.
DistributionWidespread, including Singapore, Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Brunei, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, China, India, Japan.

Type Depositories

  1. Holotype

    National Zoological Collections, Zoological Survey of India (NZC-ZSI), Kolkata, India; ♀ (3221/18) of Leucauge pondae (Sankaran et al., 2017b)

  2. Allotype

    National Zoological Collections, Zoological Survey of India (NZC-ZSI), Kolkata, India; ♂ (3222/18) of Leucauge pondae (Sankaran et al., 2017b)

Taxonomic references

  1. Meta ventralis (Original description ♂♀)

    Thorell, 1877b Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani: 423

  2. Argyroepeira ventralis

    Thorell, 1887 Viaggio di L: 138

  3. Argyroepeira ventralis (♀)

    Workman, 1896 Malaysian spiders: 55, pl. 55 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.101972

  4. Leucauge ventralis

    Pocock, 1904 Arachnida: 800, pl

  5. Anopas ventralis (T♂♀ from Leucauge)

    Archer, 1951a Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae): 7, f. 8-9

  6. Leucauge pondae (Original description ♂♀)

    Tikader, 1970 Spider fauna of Sikkim: 44, f. 25a-d

  7. Tylorida ventralis (T♂♀ from Anopas)

    Chrysanthus, 1975 Further notes on the spiders of New Guinea II (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae): 31, f. 117-120

  8. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Yoshida, 1978b On some Formosan spiders (2): 8, f. 1-6

  9. Leucauge ventralis (♀)

    Tikader, 1982a Part 1: 85, f. 168-171

  10. Leucauge sphenoida (Original description ♂♀)

    Wang, 1991a On the spiders of the family Tetragnathidae in south China (Arachnida: Araneae): 157, f. 17-20

  11. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999 The spiders of China: 223, f. 129C-D, F

  12. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀, Synonym of Leucauge sphenoida)

    Zhu, Wu & Song, 2002 A revision of the Chinese species of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae): 29, f. 4A-J

  13. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae: 308, f. 172A-J, pl. XE-H

  14. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Tanikawa, 2005a Japanese spiders of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae): 153, f. 3-4, 7-8 doi:10.2476/asjaa.53.151

  15. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Tanikawa, 2007c An identification guide to the Japanese spiders of the families Araneidae, Nephilidae and Tetragnathidae: 100, f. 340-342, 798-799

  16. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Tanikawa, 2009 Hersiliidae: 410, f. 35-36

  17. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Jäger & Praxaysombath, 2009 Spiders from Laos: new species and new records (Arachnida: Araneae): 35, f. 18, 24-37 doi:10.2476/asjaa.58.27

  18. Tylorida ventralis (♂♀)

    Yin et al., 2012 Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China: 472, f. 216a-f

  19. Tylorida ventralis (♂)

    Kulkarni & Lewis, 2015 Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status: 2, f. 1a, 2a, 3a, 5a doi:10.3897/BDJ.3.e4451

  20. Leucauge pondae (♀)

    Sen et al., 2015 Spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars: Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary: 101, f. 585-589, pl. 21

  21. Tylorida ventralis (m♀, Synonym of Leucauge pondae)

    Sankaran et al., 2017b On the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 with the first record of the genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 from India (Araneae: Tetragnathidae, Leucauginae): 310, f. 1E-F, 2C, 7G-I, 12H-I, 15A-F, 16A-J, 17A-O, 18A-O, 19A-E doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.3

Distribution of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877)

Widespread, including Singapore, Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Brunei, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, China, India, Japan.

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