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Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha

Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890

Keyserling’s Big-jawed Spider

Another common species of Tetragnatha in Singapore, T. keyserlingi appears similar to T. mandibulata but the male can be distinguished by the two-pointed tip (visible under a microscope) of a large, hooked tooth near the tip of the chelicerae, unlike the single-pointed tip in male T. mandibulata. The apex of the female chelicerae does not have the dagger-like tooth as seen in T. mandibulata. This species shows a high degree of variability in size and pattern; some individuals may be paler or darker than those shown here.

Length♀ 4–10 mm; ♂ 7–13 mm, excluding chelicerae.
HabitatEdges of streams, ponds, and reservoirs.
BiologyThe egg sac is fastened to the underside of leaves. It is white, with some greyish woolly strands over it.
Type Locality"Neu Granada", Colombia.
DistributionWidespread, including China, South Africa, United States, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Mexico, South Korea, Japan, Samoa, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore.

Taxonomy

Type Depositories

  1. Holotype

    National Museum of Natural History = United States National Museum (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; ♀ (865) of Tetragnatha conformans (Castanheira et al., 2019b)

  2. Holotype

    American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, USA; ♂ of Tetragnatha ethodon (Castanheira et al., 2019b)

  3. Paratype(s)

    National Museum of Natural History = United States National Museum (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; 1♂ (865) of Tetragnatha conformans (Castanheira et al., 2019b)

  4. Syntype(s)

    Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF), Germany; 10♂ 5♀ (4212-121) of Tetragnatha japonica (Castanheira et al., 2019b)

  5. Syntype(s)

    Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH), Hamburg, Germany; 2♂ (misidentified) 3♀ (A0002350) of Tetragnatha japonica (Castanheira et al., 2019b)

  6. Syntype(s)

    Swedish Museum of Natural History (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet), Stockholm (NHRS), Sweden; 2♀ (GULI 069809) of Tetragnatha kochi (Castanheira et al., 2019b)

Taxonomic references

  1. Tetragnatha mandibulata (♂♀; misidentified per Simon, 1890c: 134)

    Keyserling, 1865 Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr: 848, pl. 21, f. 6-9

  2. Tetragnatha mandibulata (♂♀; misidentified per Simon, 1890c: 134)

    L. Koch, 1872a Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet [Erster Theil, Lieferung 3-7]: 194, pl. 17, f. 2-3 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.121660

  3. Tetragnatha keyserlingi (new name for Tetragnatha mandibulata sensu Keyserling and L. Koch)

    Simon, 1890c Etudes arachnologiques: 134

  4. Tetragnatha maxillosa (Original description ♀)

    Thorell, 1895b Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum: 139 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.17492

  5. Tetragnatha japonica (Original description ♂♀)

    Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 Japanische Spinnen: 177, pl. 15, f. 409

  6. Tetragnatha maxillosa insignita (Original description ♀)

    Strand, 1911d Araneae von den Aru- und Kei-Inseln: 138

  7. Tetragnatha listeri (Original description ♂♀)

    Gravely, 1921b Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae: 443, f. 4c-d

  8. Tetragnatha cliens (♀; misidentified per Okuma, 1983: 72, sub T. maxillosa)

    Chamberlin, 1924a Descriptions of new American and Chinese spiders, with notes on other Chinese species: 12, pl. 3, f. 21

  9. Tetragnatha japonica

    Saitō, 1933b Notes on the spiders from Formosa: 46, pl

  10. Tetragnatha ethodon (Original description ♂; ♀ see Tetragnatha tenuissima)

    Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936a New spiders from Mexico and Panama: 64, pl. 17, f. 144-146

  11. Tetragnatha propioides (Original description ♂♀)

    Schenkel, 1936b Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr: 89, f. 31

  12. Tetragnatha japonica (1)

    Saito, 1939 On the spiders from Tohoku (northernmost part of the main island), Japan: 57, f. 9

  13. Tetragnatha ethodon (♂)

    Chickering, 1957d The genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Argiopidae) in Panama: 316, f. 27-31

  14. Tetragnatha japonica (♀)

    Saito, 1959 The Spider Book Illustrated in Colours: 118, f. 143a-d

  15. Tetragnatha japonica (♀)

    Lee, 1966 [Spiders of Formosa (Taiwan)]: 57, f. 20a-d

  16. Tetragnatha japonica (♂)

    Okuma, 1968b Preliminary survey on the spider-fauna of the paddy fields in Thailand: 100, f. 3A-G

  17. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀, Synonym of Tetragnatha maxillosa insignita)

    Chrysanthus, 1975 Further notes on the spiders of New Guinea II (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae): 8, f. 14-21

  18. Tetragnatha japonica (♂)

    Zhu, 1976 [Spiders of Rice Fields in China]: 33, f. 53 doi:10.13481/j.1671-587x.1976.01.007

  19. Tetragnatha japonica (♂)

    Song et al., 1976 [The common species of Tetragnatha from the paddy fields of Zhejiang province]: 38, f. 3A-I

  20. Tetragnatha japonica (♂♀)

    Yin, 1976 [A study on tetragnathids (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from rice fields]: 122, pl. VI.1-12

  21. Tetragnatha japonica (♀)

    Paik & Namkung, 1979 [Studies on the rice paddy spiders from Korea]: 52, f. 36

  22. Tetragnatha japonica (♂♀)

    Song, 1980 [Farm Spiders]: 118, f. 61a-k

  23. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀, Synonym of Tetragnatha japonica, T. listeri and T. propioides)

    Okuma, 1983 New synonymies and new records of some cosmopolitan species of the genus Tetragnatha (Araneae: Tetragnathidae): 72, f. 3A-J

  24. Tetragnatha japonica (Synonym of Tetragnatha conformans)

    Zhu, 1983 [A list of Chinese spiders (revised in 1983)]: 39

  25. Tetragnatha japonica (♂♀)

    Hu, 1984 The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests: 143, f. 146-147

  26. Tetragnatha japonica (♂♀)

    Guo, 1985 [Farm spiders from Shaanxi Province]: 86, f. 2-34.1-9

  27. Tetragnatha japonica (♂)

    Zhu & Shi, 1985 [Crop field spiders of Shanxi Province]: 90, f. 78a-f

  28. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Yaginuma, 1986a Spiders of Japan in color (new ed: 130, f. 70.2

  29. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Okuma, 1987 A revision of the Australasian species of the genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae): 83, f. 30A-J

  30. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Song, 1987 Spiders from agricultural regions of China (Arachnida: Araneae): 184, f. 143

  31. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Zhang, 1987 [Farm spiders from Hebei Province]: 95, f. 77.1-7

  32. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Okuma & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1988 Tetragnatha (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) in the collection of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria with a description of a new species: 231, f. 8A-J

  33. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Song, 1988 A revision of the Chinese spiders described by Chamberlin: 124, f. 2A-E

  34. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Vungsilabutr, 1988 The spider genus Tetragnatha in the paddy fields of Thailand (Araneae: Tetragnathidae): 73, f. 7A-I

  35. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Okuma, 1988c A revision of the genus Tetragnatha Latreille (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) of Asia, Part II: 206, f. 18A-J

  36. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Hu & Wu, 1989 Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China: 113, f. 88.1-7

  37. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Chikuni, 1989b Pictorial encyclopedia of spiders in Japan: 95, f. 18

  38. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Feng, 1990 Spiders of China in colour: 106, f. 81.1-10

  39. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Chen & Gao, 1990 The Sichuan farmland spiders in China: 81, f. 103a-e

  40. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Chen & Zhang, 1991 Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida: 125, f. 119.1-12

  41. Tetragnatha ethodon (♂, D♀)

    Okuma, 1992 Notes on the Neotropical and Mexican species of Tetragnatha (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) with descriptions of three new species: 228, f. 7A-H

  42. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Song, Zhu & Li, 1993 Arachnida: Araneae: 868, f. 30A-F

  43. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Okuma et al., 1993 Illustrated Monograph of the Rice Field Spiders of Bangladesh. Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh): 37, f. 33A-G

  44. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Zhao, 1993 Spiders in the cotton fields in China: 273, f. 131a-f

  45. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Barrion & Litsinger, 1994 Taxonomy of rice insect pests and their arthropod parasites and predators: 326, f. 1724-1726, 1731-1734

  46. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia: 509, f. 313a-f, 314a-i

  47. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Zhao, 1995 Araneida: 990, f. 470a-f

  48. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997 Arachnida: Araneae: 1710, f. 8a-f

  49. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Kim, Kim & Lee, 1999 A revisional study of the Korean spiders, family Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866 (Arachnida: Araneae): 67, f. 18, 42, 66, 77-78

  50. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999 The spiders of China: 221, f. 126O, 128A-D

  51. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Hu, 2001 Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China: 598, f. 407.1-6

  52. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001 The Fauna of Hebei, China: Araneae: 171, f. 100A-J

  53. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Zhu et al., 2002 The Tetragnatha spiders familiar to paddy field from China: 84, f. 6A-N

  54. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♀)

    Kim & Cho, 2002 Spider: Natural Enemy & Resources: 319, f. 883-888

  55. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Namkung, 2002 The spiders of Korea: 215, f. 18.2a-d

  56. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003 Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae: 153, f. 81A-G, 82A-G

  57. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Namkung, 2003 The Spiders of Korea, 2nd: 217, f. 18.2a-d

  58. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Tanikawa, 2007c An identification guide to the Japanese spiders of the families Araneidae, Nephilidae and Tetragnathidae: 110, f. 406-409, 874-877

  59. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Kim, Kim & Lee, 2008 Taxonomy of Korean Tetragnathidae (Arachnida: Araneae): 38, f. 13, 20, 20.1-2

  60. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂)

    Tanikawa, 2009 Hersiliidae: 419, f. 116-119

  61. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Zhu & Zhang, 2011 Spider Fauna of Henan: Arachnida: Araneae: 179, f. 123A-G, 124A-G

  62. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Yin et al., 2012 Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China: 459, f. 209a-g

  63. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Kim & Lee, 2013 Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Mimetidae, Uloboridae, Theridiosomatidae, Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae, Pisauridae, Gnaphosidae: 59, f. 37A-F

  64. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Baba & Tanikawa, 2015 The handbook of spiders: 39, 6 f.

  65. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♀)

    Basu & Raychaudhuri, 2016 Rice land inhabiting long jawed orb weavers, Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 (Tetragnathidae: Araneae) of South 24-Parganas, West Bengal, India: 220, f. 11-15, 45-48

  66. Tetragnatha maxillosa (♂♀)

    Zhang, 2018b Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae, Araneidae: 51, f. 6-4.A-G, pl. 12

  67. Tetragnatha keyserlingi (♂♀, Synonym of Tetragnatha ethodon, T. kochi and T. maxillosa)

    Castanheira et al., 2019b Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae: 477, f. 8A-J, 9A-I, 10A-F, 20C, 21H-I,L-M,O doi:10.3897/zse.95.36762

  68. Tetragnatha keyserlingi (♂♀)

    Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020t The Tetragnathidae of South Africa: 38, 11 f. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7578068

  69. Tetragnatha keyserlingi (♂♀)

    Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2023a The Tetragnathidae of South Africa: 41, f. 1-7 doi:10.5281/zenodo.7513261

Distribution of Tetragnatha keyserlingi Simon, 1890

Widespread, including China, South Africa, United States, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Mexico, South Korea, Japan, Samoa, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore.

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